Canonical: https://echosuite.app/guides/aortic-prosthesis/

# Aortic prosthetic valve calculator: EOA, DVI and PPM

Review effective orifice area, Doppler velocity index and prosthesis–patient mismatch inputs for the aortic prosthesis tool.

Created by [Mohammed Kamareddine, MD](https://echosuite.app/about/) · [Sources & educational scope](https://echosuite.app/about/)

[Open interactive calculator →](https://echosuite.app/calculators/#aortic-prosthesis)

## Method

EOA = LVOT area × LVOT VTI ÷ prosthesis VTI; DVI = LVOT VTI ÷ prosthesis VTI; iEOA = EOA ÷ BSA

Use the measurement units shown below. Some fields apply only to a selected method or condition; follow the interactive tool’s method choices. The interactive tool keeps missing measurements incomplete and provides its method-specific results and reference context.

## Measurements and acquisition

### LVOT VTI  cm

Pulsed-wave Doppler

- Place the sample volume at the specified annulus or outflow tract.
- Align the Doppler beam with flow and record a clean envelope.
- Trace the modal velocity envelope and use the reported VTI.

### Prosthesis VTI  cm

Continuous-wave Doppler trace

- Use the same aligned CW recording as the peak velocity.
- Trace the outer edge of the dense envelope for the relevant phase.
- Use the machine-reported VTI in centimeters.

### LVOT diameter  cm

2D echo · inner-edge measurement · Optional

- Use the specified view and cardiac phase.
- Align the calipers perpendicular to the structure’s long axis.
- Measure inner edge to inner edge and avoid oblique foreshortening.

### Body surface area  m²

Record the units, date and measurement source · Optional

- Use measured height and weight where feasible. Record the units, date and whether a value was reported or estimated.
- Fluid status and weight changes affect BSA. Document any substituted weight; do not silently replace measured weight with ideal or dry weight.
- Use the unit named by the field. BSA is in m²; height and weight can be converted in the Body surface area calculator. Keep the formula with serial indexed results.

### Body mass index  kg/m²

Record the units, date and measurement source · Optional

- Use measured height and weight where feasible. Record the units, date and whether a value was reported or estimated.
- Fluid status and weight changes affect BSA. Document any substituted weight; do not silently replace measured weight with ideal or dry weight.
- Use the unit named by the field. BSA is in m²; height and weight can be converted in the Body surface area calculator. Keep the formula with serial indexed results.

### Acceleration time  ms

Spectral Doppler timing · Optional

- Use a sweep speed that clearly shows the interval boundaries.
- Measure from the specified onset to offset.
- Average representative beats using consistent rhythm handling.

### Ejection time  ms

Spectral Doppler timing · Optional

- Use a sweep speed that clearly shows the interval boundaries.
- Measure from the specified onset to offset.
- Average representative beats using consistent rhythm handling.

## Sources and method context

American Society of Echocardiography · 2024 · Guidelines for the Evaluation of Prosthetic Valve Function With Cardiovascular Imaging · EOA and DVI pp. 7–9 · Table 5 JASE p. 19 · Table 7 p. 20

[Primary reference](https://www.asecho.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/PIIS0894731723005333.pdf)

- EOA and DVI calculation · Section IC(iii)(b–c) · PDF pp. 7–9

Continuity-derived effective orifice area, LVOT sampling, and Doppler velocity index.

- Acceleration indices · Table 5 · JASE p. 19

Acceleration time and AT/ET ranges for normal, possible, and significant stenosis patterns.

- BMI-specific aortic PPM · Table 7 · JASE p. 20

Indexed EOA thresholds for BMI below 30 and BMI at least 30 kg/m².

Catalogue review status: Exact guideline locator mapped · clinical sign-off pending

These pages describe the educational tool. Interpret measurements with the complete clinical context and the method’s acquisition limitations.

## Keep exploring

- [Parasternal long axis acquisition guide](https://echosuite.app/guides/views/plax/) · [Open in Probe Lab](https://echosuite.app/#plax)
- [Apical five chamber acquisition guide](https://echosuite.app/guides/views/apical-five-chamber/) · [Open in Probe Lab](https://echosuite.app/#a5c)
- [Apical three chamber (apical long axis) acquisition guide](https://echosuite.app/guides/views/apical-three-chamber/) · [Open in Probe Lab](https://echosuite.app/#a3c)
- [Surgical aortic prosthesis · obstruction calculator](https://echosuite.app/guides/aortic-prosthesis-screen/)
- [Aortic prosthesis · serial comparison calculator](https://echosuite.app/guides/aortic-prosthesis-serial/)
- [Mitral prosthetic valve calculator: EOA, DVI and PPM](https://echosuite.app/guides/mitral-prosthesis/)
- [Mitral prosthesis · obstruction calculator](https://echosuite.app/guides/mitral-prosthesis-screen/)

[All echo guides](https://echosuite.app/guides/) · [Learning paths](https://echosuite.app/learn/)