Canonical: https://echosuite.app/guides/ar-continuity/

# Aortic regurgitation calculator: continuity method

Explore the continuity method for aortic regurgitation, with explicit measurement units and the tool’s source context.

Created by [Mohammed Kamareddine, MD](https://echosuite.app/about/) · [Sources & educational scope](https://echosuite.app/about/)

[Open interactive calculator →](https://echosuite.app/calculators/#ar-continuity)

## Method

RVol = LVOT SV − mitral SV

Use the measurement units shown below. Some fields apply only to a selected method or condition; follow the interactive tool’s method choices. The interactive tool keeps missing measurements incomplete and provides its method-specific results and reference context.

## Measurements and acquisition

### LVOT diameter  cm

2D echo · inner-edge measurement

- Use the specified view and cardiac phase.
- Align the calipers perpendicular to the structure’s long axis.
- Measure inner edge to inner edge and avoid oblique foreshortening.

### LVOT VTI  cm

Pulsed-wave Doppler

- Place the sample volume at the specified annulus or outflow tract.
- Align the Doppler beam with flow and record a clean envelope.
- Trace the modal velocity envelope and use the reported VTI.

### Mitral annulus diameter  cm

2D echo · inner-edge measurement

- Use the specified view and cardiac phase.
- Align the calipers perpendicular to the structure’s long axis.
- Measure inner edge to inner edge and avoid oblique foreshortening.

### Mitral annulus VTI  cm

Pulsed-wave Doppler

- Place the sample volume at the specified annulus or outflow tract.
- Align the Doppler beam with flow and record a clean envelope.
- Trace the modal velocity envelope and use the reported VTI.

### AR jet VTI  cm

Continuous-wave Doppler trace

- Use the same aligned CW recording as the peak velocity.
- Trace the outer edge of the dense envelope for the relevant phase.
- Use the machine-reported VTI in centimeters.

## Sources and method context

American Society of Echocardiography · 2017 · Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation · Quantitative flow method pp. 7–8 · AR Table 10 pp. 35–37 · Table 11 p. 38 · integrative pathway pp. 41–42

[Primary reference](https://www.asecho.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/2017VavularRegurgitationGuideline.pdf)

- Flow calculation · Quantitative pulsed-Doppler method pp. 7–8 · AR Table 10 p. 37

Aortic regurgitant volume as LVOT stroke volume minus competent reference stroke volume, with EROA from regurgitant volume divided by AR VTI.

- Acquisition & exclusions · Table 10 · PDF p. 37

LVOT diameter and PW sampling, mitral annulus measurement in mid-diastole with diastolic annular PW Doppler, measurement-error sensitivity, and invalidity with combined important MR unless a pulmonic reference is used.

- Quantitative grades & integration · Table 11 p. 38 · integrative approach pp. 41–42

Four quantitative AR bands and the requirement to reconcile quantitative results with the complete anatomic, color, Doppler, and LV response assessment.

Catalogue review status: Exact guideline locator mapped · clinical sign-off pending

These pages describe the educational tool. Interpret measurements with the complete clinical context and the method’s acquisition limitations.

## Keep exploring

- [Parasternal long axis acquisition guide](https://echosuite.app/guides/views/plax/) · [Open in Probe Lab](https://echosuite.app/#plax)
- [Apical four chamber acquisition guide](https://echosuite.app/guides/views/apical-four-chamber/) · [Open in Probe Lab](https://echosuite.app/#a4c)
- [Apical two chamber acquisition guide](https://echosuite.app/guides/views/apical-two-chamber/) · [Open in Probe Lab](https://echosuite.app/#a2c)
- [Apical five chamber acquisition guide](https://echosuite.app/guides/views/apical-five-chamber/) · [Open in Probe Lab](https://echosuite.app/#a5c)
- [Aortic regurgitation PISA calculator](https://echosuite.app/guides/ar-pisa/)
- [Mitral regurgitation PISA calculator: EROA and regurgitant volume](https://echosuite.app/guides/mr-pisa/)
- [Mitral regurgitation calculator: continuity method](https://echosuite.app/guides/mr-continuity/)
- [Tricuspid regurgitation calculator: PISA quantification](https://echosuite.app/guides/tr-pisa/)

[All echo guides](https://echosuite.app/guides/) · [Learning paths](https://echosuite.app/learn/)